Non-Aligned Movement
2nd Year Pakistan Studies Notes
Non-Aligned Movement
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PREAMBLE
Non-Aligned Movement (NAM) is an important world organization of the
third world countries who do not wish to be aligned with any of the big
powers.The NAM can be defined as:
"The international forum of the people of the third World who openly
condemn and negate the lust for creating the spheres of influence by the
super powers and thus is an important and effective organ against
Colonialism and imperialism."
REASONS FOR THE FORMATIONS OF NAM
The World War ll devided the world into two power blocs.The Western bloc
being headed by U.S.A and the socialist bloc being governed by U.S.S.R.
These two super powers involved in cold war creating great problems for
the smaller nations and under developed countries.The best policy for
such states would have been to isolate themselves from the cold war of
the super powersand fully concentrate on their economic,social and
cultural uplift .NAM is an organization to help these nations to exist.
BANDUNG CONFERENCE
A meeting of those countries of the World who had no alignment with any
super was held in Bandung(Indonesia) on April 24,1955.It was held to
discuss the problems faced by Afro-Asian countries which was mainly to
avoid the "Tug of War" of the super powers.
MAIN FEATURES OF NAM OR PANJSHILA PRINCIPLES
The declared principles of NAM are:
1.Respect of Independence and Sovereignty
To respect each others sovereignty,territorial integrity and independence.
2.Avoid Aggression
To refrain from acts of aggression or use of force against any states.
3.Non interference
Non interference in others international affairs.
4.Recognization of Equality and Liberty
To recognize the equality and liberty of all the Nations.
5.Peace
Friendsmania.net
To live in a peaceful atmosphere.
OBJECTIVE OF NAM
1.To promote good will and cooperation among the Afro-Asian countries.
2.To consider social,economic and cultural problems of all participants.
3.To consider the problems like radicalism and coloniasm.
4.To access the position of Afro-Asian states and their people in the world.
SUMMIT CONFERENCES OF NON-ALIGNED MOVEMENTS
First Summit Conference
It was held at Belgrade (Yugoslavia) in 1961 in which 25 nations took
part.The rules for obtaining membership of NAM were drafted.
Second Summit Conference
It was held at Cairo(Egypt) in 1964.
Third Summit Conference
It was held at Lusaka (Zambia) in 1970.51 countries participated in this conference.
Fourth Summit Conference
It was held at Algiers (Algeria) in September 1973.In this conference the membership of Pakistan and China was opposed by India.
Fifth Summit Conference
It was held at Colombo (Srilanka) in August,1976.86 countries participated in this conference.
Opposition of radicalism and expansionism was declared .Arab cause was
supported and USA was critisized for its annexation over Vietnam and
Cuba.
Sixth Summit Conference
It was held at Havana (Cuba) on 3rd September,1979 to 9th
September,1979.Pakistan attended this meeting for first time as a member
of NAM.
Seventh Summit Conference
It was held at Delhi (India) in March 1983.101 countries participated in
this conference.Arab cause,Palestine War,South African and Namibian
struggle were discussed.USA was criticized for assisting Israel.
Eighth Summit Conference
It was held at Harare (Zimbabwe) on 1st September 1986.Afghanistan
Problem,Iran Iraq War,Palestine and Namibian issue were discussed.
Ninth Summit Conference
It was held at Belgrade (Yugoslavia) on 4th September,1989.
PAKISTAN -AS THE MEMBER OF NAM
Pakistan joined NAM in 1979 although it participated actively in the 1st
Conference and attende the 5th conference as an observer.This was due
to the fact that Pakistan was a member of SEATO and CENTO .Pakistan got
rid of these organizations after the war with India(1965) and the
debacle of East Pakistan (1971) when the sponsors of SEATO and CENTO did
not came to help it.
Today, Pakistan participates actively in the programs of NAM and
advocates affectively the problems relating to its member
countries.Pakistan placed the case of foreign interference in
Afghanistan in the Session of the 7th conference and was able to get
most of the members confirm Pakistan stand on the problem and its
equitable solution.
CONCLUTION
The NAM re-affirmed the inalienable right of all states to apply and
develop their programs for peaceful uses of nuclear energy for economic
and social developement.
