Initial Difficulties at the Establishment of Pakistan
2nd Year Pakistan Studies Notes
Initial Difficulties at the Establishment of Pakistan
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PREFACE
The emergence of Pakistan,after a long and ardous freedom movement,was
infact a great victory of the democratic idea of life.The Indian Muslims
happily and valiantly laid down their lives and properties to achieve a
destination in which they saw the fulfillment of their dreams of living
an independent life fre from Hindu or British dominance.Quaid-e-Azam on
15th August ,1947 said:
"My thoughts are with those valiant fighters in our cause who readily
sacrificed all they had,including their lives,to make Pakistan
possible."
INITIAL DIFFICULTIES OF PAKISTAN
From its very inception,Pakistan faced a large number of problems.Some of the initial difficulties were:
1.Choice of Capital and Establishment of Government
The first problem that Pakistan had to face was to choose a capital to
form a Government and to establish a secretariat,Karachi was chosen as
the capital of Pakistan.Quaid-e-Azam took the office of the Governor
General ,Liaqat Ali Khan was appointed as Prime Minister and a Cabinet
of experienced persons was selected.Arrangements were to be made to
bring the officials who had opted for Pakistan from Delhi to Karachi.
2.Unfair Boundary Distrbution
A boundry commission was set up under a British Chairman,Sir Cyril
Redcliff.He misused his powers and handed over Muslim majority areas
like Gurdaspur,Ferozpur,Jullander to India hence providing them a
gateway to Kashmir.Quaid-e-Azam called it:
" An unjust,incomprehensible and even perverse award."
3.The Massacre of Muslim Refugees in India
On the birth of Pakistan,Hindus and Sikhs became more furious.In a
planned move,Muslim properties were set on fire and they were compelled
to leave Bharat for Pakistan with nothing but their lives.Millions of
refugees were killed before they reached Pakistan.Many migrants were
looted and had to be provided boarding immediately as they reached
Pakistan.
4.Division of Military and Finantial Assets
In order to embarrass Pakistan financially ,India did a lot of
dishonesty in the matters of Pakistan which were concerned with its
benefits.Pakistan was promised to get Rs.750 million but the Bharat
Government refused to give .Pakistan received only 200 million .Pakistan
also did not receive the due share of the military assets.This
dishonest attitude put Pakistan into great difficulties.
5.Canal Water Dispute
Most of the river flowing in Pakistan have their origin in India.In
1948,india stopped water supply to Pakistani canals to damage the
Pakistani agriculture.However on 9th September ,1960 on agreement called
"Indus Basin Treaty" was signed between the two countries.
Kashmir Dispute
Kashmir dispute is the most important and unsolved problem.Kashmir is
the natural part of Pakistan becaouse at the time of partition 85% of
the Kashmir's total population was Muslim.The Hindu dogra rule ,who was
secretly with the Govenment of Indiadeclared Kashmir as a part of
India.Pakistan has continously insisted that Kashmir must get their
right of self determination but due to non-coperation of India,Kashmir
issue still remain unsolved.
7.Constitutional Problem
The constituent assembly failed to frame a constitution even in eight
years.Lack of a permanent constitution created ,chances of unsrupulous
interference in democratic progress of Pakistan.
8.Annexation of Princely States
All Indian princely states were given the right to link up with either
of dominions.However,the fate of following states remained undecided.
Junagadh
The Muslim Nawab governing junagadh favoured in acceding to Pakistan.But
Indian Government sent Army troops towards Junagadh and occupied the
stste by force in November,1947.
Hyderabad Deccan
Hyderabad Deccan was the largest and richest state ruled by Muslim ruler
Nizam who decided to remain independent.But pressure tactics began to
be applied by Indian Government and Mount Batten .India attacked
Hyderabad on 13th September 1948 and forcibly annexed this state to
India.
9.Electrcity Problem
Due to transfer of Muslim majority areas to Bharat and unfair
demarcation,electricity system of West Punjab was disrupted ,because all
power stations were at Mundi,a predominantly Muslim majority
area,gifted to Bharat but Quiad-e-Azam said:
"If we are to exist as a nation ,we will have to face the problems with determination and force."
CONCLUTION
Pakistan came into being as a free Muslim state in quite unfavourable
circumstances .It had no resources ,it had no resources,it had to build
up its administrative machinery from a scratch.But Supreme efforts were
made by the Quiad-e-Azam and his colligues to grapple with the situation
.His golden principles "Unity " "Faith" and "Discipline" gave way to
Pakistan for a bright future of a strong and well developed country .In
his last message to the nation on 14th August 1948,he told the nation:
"The foundation of your state have been laid and it is now for you to build and build as quickly and as you can."
