Role of Muslim League in the Creation of Pakistan
2nd Year Pakistan Studies Notes
Role of Muslim League in the Creation of Pakistan
INTRODUCTION
Anti partition agitation staged by Hindus made it clear to the Muslims
that they must have a separate political Organization.In December,1906
Muslim Leaders from all over the Sub Continent assembled in Dacca to
attend the all India Mohammadan to establish a central political
organization for Muslims called the "All India Muslim League" .The
Muslim League was established with the primary aim of the protecting the
political rights of Indian Muslims and presenting their demands and
problems before the British Government.
FOUNDATION OF MUSLIM LEAGUE
The success of Simla Deputation made it imperative for the Muslims of
the Sub Continent to have their own political organization .In 1906 ,the
Muslims of India founded a political party of their own known as "All
India Muslim League."
CAUSES OF MUSLIM LEAGUE'S FOUNDATION
The partition of Bengal by the British Government in 1905 greatly
embittered the relations between Hindus and Muslims.The partition
ensured a number of political benefits for the Muslim but the Hindus
reacted towards the partitions of Bengal in a hostile and violent manner
.This made it clear that the Hindus were not willing to give Muslims
their due share.This violent protest of the Hindus convinced the
educated Muslims that they could be redeemed only if they created their
own political force and their own leadership.
AIMS OF MUSLIM LEAGUE
The aims of Muslim league are given below:
1.To safe guard and protect Muslims intrests and to convey their demands to British Government.
2.To create a feeling of respect and good will in Muslim for the British Government.
3.To promote brotherhood between the different nations of India.
ROLE OF MUSLIM LEAGUE
The role played by All India Muslim League in the creation of Pakistan is summarized under:
1.Minto-Morley Reform Act -1909
The Muslims under the able leadership of the Muslim league now began to
press for the separate electorate for the Muslims.The authorities
accepted their demand in Act,called "The Minto-Morley Reform Act",in
1909.
2.Lucknow Pack-1916
In November 1916,two committees of League and Congress met at Calcutta
and drew an agreement draft of political reform for India called
"Lucknow Pact".Through this pact the Congress recognized the separate
status of Muslims.
3.Simon Commission
In 1927,Simon Commission was sent to India under the chairmanship of Sir
John Simon to settle Muslim Hindu differences.It was rejected because
there was no indian member on the commission.
4.Jinnah's Fourteen Points-1929
The Quaid-e-Azam refused to accept the Nehru-report.In order to protect
the Muslim's point of view on the political issues of South Asia,he
prepared a draft of guiding principles consisting of 14 points,popularly
known as "Jinnah's Fourteen Points."
5.Allama Iqbal's Allahabad Address-1930
In 1930,in his presidential address at annual session of League at
Allahabad,Iqbal proposed the formation of a separate Muslim State by
combining Northern and South Western Muslim majority region in Sub
Continent.
6.Day of Deliverance
On 22nd December ,Muslim League observed "Deliverance Day" to thank God for resignation of Congress Ministers.
7.Pakistan Resolution -1940
The attitude of the Hindus made it clear that the Hindus and Muslims
were two separate nations.On March 23rd,at the Annual session of Muslim
League at Lahore,the famous resolution ,commonly known as the Pakistan
Resolution was passed.It presented by Maulvi Fazlul Haq.Quiad-e-Azam
said in his address:
"By all means Muslims are one nation and they need a separate homeland
where they could live their spiritual ,cultural ,economical,social and
political lives independently."
8.Cripps Mission-1942
Sir Stafford Cripps was sent by the British Government to India,to
discuss with Indian leaders,the future Indian Constitution.His proposal
was rejected by both the Congress and the League.The Congress
characterized them as "a post-dated cheque on a failing bank" Jinnah
said that:
"If these were accepted "Muslims would become a minority in their majority provinces as well."
9.Gandhi Jinnah Talks-1944
Gandhi held talks with Jinnah to discuss about the future of India,but
no fruitful results came out of it because Gandhi did not accept Muslims
as a separate nation."
Louis Feisher wrote:
"The wall between Jinnah and Gandhi was the Two Nation Theory ."
10.Simla Conference -1945
Lord Wavell called a conference at Simla.The conference failed to
achieve any purpose due to one sided attitude of Lord Wavell.In this
conference ,Quaid-e-Azam made it crystal clear that the Muslim League
can represent Muslims of India.
11.General Elections-1945-1946
Elections for the central and provincial assemblies were held in
1945-1946 in which Muslim League won 30 seats of central legislative
meant for Muslims and 430 seats out of 495 in the provincial
legislative.Quiad-e-Azam said on this occassion:
"I have no doubt now in the acheivement of Pakistan.The Muslims of India
told the world what they want.No power of world can topple the opinion
of 10 crore Muslims of India."
12.Cabinet Mission-1946
Cabinet Mission a visited India in 1946 and submitted its
recommendations to the Britishers.As a result Interium Government was
formed but Congress and League couldn't co-operate amongst themselves.
13.Delhi Convention-1946
Quaid-e-Azam called a convention of all the Muslim League members at
Delhi.At the convention every member took the pledge to under go any
danger for the attainment of national goal of Pakistan.
14.3rd June Plan -1947
Lord Mount Batten prepared the plan for tranference of power according
to the wish of people.He emphasized on the partition of the country and
told that it was the only solution of the Indian political deadlock.Both
League and Congress accepted the plan.
CONCLUSION
Muslim League thus got its object and Pakistan was created on 14th
August 1947.In short we can say that the creation of Pakistan is the
result of the ceaseless efforts of the Muslim League and the great
heroes which dedicated their lives for the creation of Pakistan.If there
were be no Muslim League the fate of the Muslims of the Sub Continent
could not be changed.
